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Umthombo wendlu ubukeka kuguqulwa kwangempela njengemisebenzi yokuqwalisa eyisisekelo ibamba izindlela ezibalulekileyo zokwakha. Abathengi baseNdlu nezimali zokwakha zama-21st ziyasebenza kakhulu kuzindlela ezahlukene zokwakha indlu ezingavumeleki, efanele, nesekela umphakathi. Kulesi sigaba, indlu efoldwayo ibonakala njengendlela entsha yokwakha indlu eyayiqhamuka futhi iyosabela kanjani sizobonakala ngendlela yokwakha nekuqasha kwamandla.
Lokhu kubalwa ngokuphelele kuhlola izilinganiso ezimfundamenthela phakathi kwezindlu ezizukulayo nezindlu eziyisiseko, ekunika ukuqonda okumangalisayo kubo bonke abathanda lezi ndlu ezintsha. Ukuqonda izinkundla kanye nezinkinga zezinye na zinye izindlela kuvumela ukuthi ube nodumo olungcono nakuba ungumntu ofuna ukuthenga indlu, umthengi noma umprofesheni wokujenga ohlanza amaphutha aphathekayo emazweni.
Ukuqonda Ubuchwepheshe Bezindlu Ezigoqekayo
Iindlela Ezilandelwayo Yokujenga
Ukujenga kwamakhaya akhanyekayo kusebenzisa izinhloso ezahlukene zokujengiselana ezivumela ukuthi izikhala zonke zokuhlala zijengwe, zithunyelwe, zihlengwe ngendlela engahambelani nothemba. Lezi zikhala ezilandelwayo zijengiwe ngokusebenzisa iziqhamo ezihlanganisiweyo ezingakhanyeka, zingcine, noma zingashayi ukuze kutholakale inkonya yekhono nokugcina. Inkundla yokujengisa iyinzuzo ezihlengelelwe ngokucophelelayo, iifreme, nezixhobo zokuxhunxa ezigcinwa ubume bomphakathi ngexesha elilodwa lilondoloza indlela efudukelekileyo eyadingeka kulondo lokukhanya.
Ukwenza kudlala emakhahaleni akhuthazekile apho izinyathelo zokulawula ubunzima zihluka kangcono kumakhasi azidlalwa ngendlela ethile. Ukusebenzisa ukukhetha okukhuthazekile yikhompyutha nokusebenza kwamandla amancane kugcinwa ubunzima bokulinganisa okuhambisana ngenhla engakwazi ukufinyelela ngendlela ephumelelayo. Lendlela yokwenza ikhuthazekile iphazanyiswa izinto ezikhuthazekile kanye nokuhlukahluka okuhlukene kwezinsuku ezidala umsebenzi wokudala.
Izinto nezibonakude zokuthuthukisa
Izindlu ezinamandla okufaka kuzo zifakwa ngamandla amakhulu emithuthu yezilonda, iiplatfomu ezingaphaya kwezibobo nezimbono zokugcina umphumela okungenamkhawulo. Lezi zinto zakhelwa ngokukhethwa kwazo ngokusemthethweni kwebophelo, ubunjani beyona nomkhuba wokuphendula ukufakwa nokuvula ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kwebungo. Umdinga wale ndlu uyisiseko esivela kwiindalo zase aerospace kunye nee-automotive ezilungileyo kumsebenzi wabantu.
Iindlela ezintsha zokuxhunxa nezixhobo ezinezilinganiso ezithile zenza kube lula ukusetyenziswa nokukhupha. Le mikhumbi ihlelwe ukugcina izidingo eziphambene nezigaba zokwenzela imini yonke, ezifana nokulingana noma kude ngaphezulu kwezigaba zokwakha ngendlela ethile. Ukudibanisa kwezimbono ezintsha zenjineering kunciphisa ukuba izindlu ezinamandla okufaka kuzo zikwazi ukulahla iimeko zolwandle ngelishwa elihle kakhulu njengezindlu eziphumelelayo.
Iziganeko Zokwakha Kwizindlu Ezisenziwayo
Imisebenzi Emiselweyo Yekhaya
Ukudala kwendlu yokwesaba kusetyenziswa izindlela ezibonakalayo ezithintekileyo ezithintekileyo ezithintekileyo ngeminyaka engaphezu kwezinkulungwane, ekhathazwa kuzo izinto zommandla kunye nezindlela ezilandelwayo kummandla wendawo. Ezi ndlu zisemthethweni zinamandla, iiframi zomqolo, kunye neendawo zokufaka isikwaya ezidoloywa ngokulandelana kwindawo engaphandle, esetyenziswe ngokusebenzisa izinto ezijikelezelayo njengehlabelo, ikhaphu, ikonkreti, kunye nesitya. Umsebenzi wokudala kuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwezimali ezahlukene ezingumgangatho oqhubekayo ukugqibela iindawo ezahlukene zomsebenzi wokudala.
Ukusungulwa kwindawo, ukufakwa kwezibhamu, ukudoloya, ukusungulwa kwezibalo kunye nokudla, ukugcina isikhathe, i-drywall, kunye nokugqibela umsebenzi kuthatha umahluko wokudala. Nganye yezindawo zifuna imimandla eyiyo kwaye inzuzo ekufakelweni kwezinto njengekonkreti kunye nezibhamu. Le ndlela yokuqhubeka, nakuba ibonakala yinto eqinileyo, isemthethweni ihlala isabela ixesha lokudala kwaye yongeza ukungqinelwa kwezixhobo zemimandla kunye nempahla yezinto.
Uhlaka Lwezinto Nokwenza Ngokuthintana
Ukudala ngendlela eyisiqinisekile kunezimali eziningi ekuqaleni kusuka kuqu ebonakalayo nasebhikini ukuya kuqhina lapho kudalwa izinto nezimali. Lokhu kuvumela abaqashi bezifundiso nabahlinzeki ukudala izakhiwo ezihlanganiswe ngokuthinta nokuthinta okubonakala kwizinkalo, izinhlobo zezakhiwo zomphakathi, nezimomo ezithile zendawo. Ukukhetha izimali ngokulahlekwa kuvumela ukufakwa kwamandla amasha futhi ukufaka kwizimali ezitholakala endaweni ethile ekuxhomekekeni kuyo indawo yekhaya.
Izindlela zokudala ngokwezimali kuyifaka izikrweletha, izimo zelizwe, nokudwebana okwesayensi okwenzelwa ukulungiswa kwizidingo ezithile zamakhaya nomthombo wezinto. Ukudala kwendlela ephucukileyo kuvumela i-geometries, izikhala eziningi, nezici ezihlupene zezemfundo ezingazange ikhona ukuzifinyelela ngokusebenzisa izinhawu ezivuthiweyo. Lokhu kubonakalayo kokulinganisa kungenza amakhaya endlela ethile kube khetha okufanele kubalimi abathanda izigaba ezihlupene.
Ukuhlaziywa Kwezimali Nokuzinika Kwemali
Ukulinganisa Kwesibalo Sokuthembeka
Ubude bokuthembeka besibalo be indlu Eyangamathisiwa ngamandla akhona ukunciphisa kakhulu ikhoseni kulokudalwa kwendlela ethile, ngokuphawula ngenxa yekhoseni elincane lempilo futhi inzuzo ephantsi yokudalwa. Ukunikezwa kwefaktori kuvumela ukuthuthuka kwezindleko okubangela izindleko ezincane ngalunye, ngelixa izidimande ezihlelekile zicisha izindleko zokudweba futhi zilahle izindleko zokulungiswa. Izindleko zokuthutha, nakuba zikhona, ngamaqondo amancane ngokusho kwizindleko zempilo nangenhla yokuqhubeka kokudalwa.
Izindleko zokwakha indlu ephumelelayo ziyehluka kakhulu ngokwesikhundla, izimboni, nezidingo zokudizayina okuchithekile. Izingxenye zomsebenzi, okungaba yizindleko ezingu-30-40% zezindleko zonke zokwakha, zihehluka ngokwemiphumela yendawo futhi ngenhloso yokufaka umsebenzi. Izindleko zezimboni ziphazanyiswa yimipumela yedolobha futhi nezinyathelo ezibhekene nesihlathi esinokuthintana nezindleko zeprojekthi. Ngaphezu koko, ukwakha okuphumelelayo kudinga izikhathi ezide zokufaka imali eyodwa ekunakelela izindleko zokuthisha nguye yonke into yokwakha.
Imiphumela Emuhle Ngemuva Kwesikhathi Eside
Izindleko zokuhlenga kwezindlu ezifakiwayo zingahlukana kwizindlu ephumelelayo ngokungahleki kwezinto ezithile nezinhlelo ezihlukile. Nakuba kunezinto ezithile ezingadinga izinhilo ezithile zokuhlenga, ubuncane bezinhlelo zezindlu ezifakiwayo kungakhusela ubuncane bezindleko zokuhlenga ngokude. Umsebenzi oqondile wokwakha kuyaphila kusizo olubalulekile nokulungiswa kwezinto ezilondoloziwa kumthwalo.
Izindlu zezinhlonipho zifuna kuzindlela ezitholakalayo yokulungisa nokutholakala kwamathiphile okulungisa nezidinga ezinembile. Sisekelwe ishadi lefunda kwi-zinhlonipho ngokuthi kunezimali eziqinileyo zokuthengisa futhi, ngaphandle kwalokho izindlu ezizokwenzeka kuzoba khona ishadi esihlelekileyo. Iindleko zokubuyisela, izinketho zokufaka imali, nokulinganisa amaphondo kusenziwa phambi kwezibini izinhlobonhlophe ngokusho kwezimfuneko zasekhaya nezepolisi zekhampani yobuyiselwa.
Isikhathi Sokudala Ne-Efficiency
Imithetho Yokuqina
Izikhathi zokwakha kwezindlu ezinokugayazeka zibonakala ngokuguqulwa kakhulu kunemithetho yokwakha engenabuciko, nokuthi izindlu ezizimele ziphela ngokujulile eminyakeni angaphansi kwemihla endimana. Umzwakhi wakhiwe kwindawo ethintekayo kumthombo ukuphindwa kwezimo zomlilo futhi kumenza ukuthi umsebenzi uthekelele kunezimo zonke zezono. Izidingo zokulungiselela indawo ziyisilingi, kanti amandla okusungula asingatholiwa ngokukodwa kunokwakha okunguqukumbi.
Imithetho yokudweba izindlu ezinokugayazeka ingatholakala ngokujulile ngamagunya amancane usebenzisa izixhobo nezixhobo ezigcinwe, ukuthula okunciphisa ukubukeka kwemithetho ehlotshelwa ngokwakha okunguqukumbi. Imithetho yendlela egcwele yokudweba iyisusa inani lezinhlobo ezidingekayo emhlabeni futhi ithulela ukuthi kube khona izinkinga zokuhlawula ezahlukene eziphazanyiswa ngokwakha okunguqukumbi. Lokhu kukhokhelo kuyikhipha izindleko zokuhlola kanye nezikhathi ezifushane kuzokufinyelela kumaqondo abantu.
Iziphumo Zokubamba Ibhili
Imizwa yethekwane lokwakha kungaphandle kwalokho kusitsha kakhulu kunesilinganiso sokhokelo kulingo lokwakha kusitsha. Ukulingana kwezinkukhu nezimali, izixhobo zokulinganisa, nokusebenza ngendlela efanayo kuthuthukisa ubunzima bokwakha nokulingana okuphakade. Kungaconywa ukhlola ubunzima kumazwe amaningi wokwakha ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa, okuthula kakhulu ukungabi kwezinkinga noma ukudingeka ukulungisa ngemuva kokuthunyelwa.
Ubunzima bokwakha ngendlela ethile bususelwa kakhulu kumsebenzi wokusebenzisa, imimangaliso yezulu, nezinkinga ezithile zomhla okungahle kuchanya phakathi kwezinhlangano. Nakuba abasebenzi abanegalelo bangafika kimbili emiphakathini, izinto eziphathelene nokwakha kusitsha zinika amandla okungalingani kubunzima. Kodwa, ukwakha ngendlela ethile kuvumela ukulungiswa kubunzima nokulungisa ngokushesha ngexesha lokwakha, kuvumela ukuguqulwa okungafumaneki kwezithuthi zokwakha ezibekwe phambi kwezithuthi ezinokugqibela.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezindlela ezinhle kunye nokuhlola Okophandle Kwemvelo
Ukusebenzisa Kwempahla Ngokunembile
Ukwenza kwakhiwa okufakelwayo kwenza izindlela eziphazanyisayo ezingaphansi kuka zokwakha ngendlela ethile ngoba kusetyenziswa ukusungulwa ngokucophelela nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezihlelekileyo emgangathweni wasekhaya. Umzimba wokwakha okuphathwayo kumela ukubuyisela ngokwebanki izinto ezingaphethelwanga futhi kusetshenzise indlela yokupakisha ehlukileyo eyancipha iziphumo zokuphazanyiswa kwezinto zokuthutha. Izinhlelo eziningi zezindlu ezingaphakathi zifaka izinto ezibuyiselwe futhi zezakhiwo eziphathelene nezinsika zokuphila eziphathelene nezinsika zomphakathi wasekuhlaleni.
Ubungakanani bokusebenza kwamandla emakhaya abanjelayo ayalingana noma akhuluza kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakh......
Ukuqwalasela kwezinsuku zokuphila
Ubungakanani bokuhlolwa kwamandla emakhaya abanjelayo ayalingana noma akhuluza kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu......
Izindlu zasekhaya zazinzulu kakhulu ngokuthi zisekelwe kuzo ngezindlela ezibonakalayo futhi zinikeza izinkululeko ezenzekelayo ngokuphila kwazo ngexesha elide. Kodwa, ukusula kanye nokususa kwezindlu zasekhaya kwenza ukuthi kube khona imbane enkulu engadinga ukuhlelwa kahle. Umehluko wempilo yombili izinhlobo zezindlu kuyaphantsi kakhulu kumsebenzi wokuhlela imbane, izinsiza zokunyukela, nezilinganiso zokuhlola eziphathekayo ekwakheni kanye nokulungisa.
Ukuguqulwa nokulawula
Ukuhamba Nokuthutha
Isibonakaliso esikhethekile sokhishwe lwezindlu ezifakelwayo kungumuthi wabo wokuthi kufakelwe futhi kubuyiselwe ngokushintshana kwezidingo noma imizimba. Lolu hlelo luba ngamandla amasha ekususweni kwezindlu, izindlu zezinkulungwane, noma ukususwa kwezindlu ngokushintshana kweprofeshini. Inkinga yokukhipha nokufaka futhi indlu kuyisiphiwo esikhokhelwa ngendlela engafana naleyo yezindlu eziphathelene ngenhla.
Kodwa, ukususwa kwezindlu ezifakelwayo kudinga izinkundla zokuthutha nezinkundla zokubuyisa okungafumaneki ngokuphelele emasethuthini wonke. Ukuhlelwa kwezakhiwo okudingeka ukwenzela ukufaka nokuthutha kungahlala kwezinto ezithile zokudala noma izakhiwo ezisemthethweni yezindlu eziphathelene ngenhla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimvume zezakhiwo noma izimvume zokuthola izindlu zingahlala ukususwa kwezindlu ezifakelwayo ezinye izifundazwini.
Izinketho Zokunweleza nokuguquguquleka
Izindlu zaseNtabeni zinika imithetho enkulu yokuguquguquka nokwakha kanye ngezinyathelo ezifakwa, ukugcwalisa amaphondo, nokuguquka kwezobuchwepheshe okungaholela ekunikezeni indawo yokuhlala nezobuchwepheshe. Umphathi wokwakha nomthombo wezindlu zaseNtabeni ngokuvamile wahlala unyanzelana nezinye izindlela zokuguquguquka ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa komthombo. Lokhu kumelene kunjalo izindlu zingayisusa izidingo ezingahlanjwayo zamakhaya emva kweminyaka engaphezu.
Izindlu ezinamandla mungkinika imithetho engcolileyo yokwakha ngokusheshayo ngomthombo wabo othuthukisiwe womthombo kanye nezinhlelo zezinto ezihlelwe. Noma kunjalo kunezinhlelo ezithile zezindlu ezinamandla ezingavumele izinye iyunithi ziqashelwe, imithetho yokwakha kungahlinzekwa kakade kunazo ezinye izinhlelo zokwakha. Kodwa-ke, inkinobeko yokuthinta kabonakala izindlu ezinamandla kuyintetho eyodwa yokumelana okungahlanjelwa futhi kungaba nobuhle lokholwa kwezehlalo noma izimo.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Ithimela kangakanani indlu efakiwayo ngokulinganayo kunendlu ephakade?
Izindlu ezifakiwe zomdla zenzelwe ukuthi zilungise umsebenzi wezinsuku ze-25-30 uma kuziphatha kahle, ngelika izindlu ephakade ezenza izinsuku ze-50-100+ kudinga kakhulu kwalokho kwenziwa futhi kuziphatha. Ububi bokuphila kwengebala kwezindlu ezifakiwayo bukhethekile ngokuba izindleko zabo zibaleni zimpini futhi kuzotholakala phazanyezwa. Kodwa, amabhinga amasha futhi izindlela zokwakha ziqhubeka ukuthuthukisa ubomi bezindlu ezifakiwayo.
Izindlu ezifakiwayo zihlaziyekile kuwo wonke amathuba okunqula?
Izindlu ezifakiwayo ezinhle zenzelwe ukuthi zixhomeke emigodini yezakhamizi kuyo yonke into, kufaka phakathi nokunqula okukhona kakhulu. Izinketho ezahlukene zokulahla futhi izici zokwakha ezivikela ukunqula kuvumela izindlu ezifakiwayo ukusebenza kahle kuwo wonke amaqondo. Kodwa, imithetho ethile yendawo esuka ekugcineni kwindalo noma emaphandleni azobuthayo kungadinga inzalo ehlukile engaba ikhangelwa isidingo senketho noma izindleko.
Kukhona kanjani izinketho zokufaka imali ezitholakala kwezindlu ezizulayo?
Ukufaka imali kwemali kwezindlu ezizulayo kungahluke kwezimali eziphathelene ngezindlu eziphethwe ngoba zilondoloziwa njengezindlu ezakhiwe kumasimini noma ezinhloso. Abazalisi abanjalo bafakela izindleko ezispecialized kwezinqamuzana ezakhiwe kabefore, kodwa abanye bangadinga izimali zabaninzi noma izivumelwano ezahlukene zokufaka imali. Izingxenye eziphethwe ziphumelela ekufakeni imali ngendlela etholakala futhi nezimali eziphathelene nezimali eziphathelene.
Izindlu ezizulayo zidinga izivumelwano noma izigaqelelo ezithile?
Izindlu ezizulayo kudingeka zilandelane nezinketho zokwakha kwindawo futhi nezivumelwano zezoning, okuhlukeyo ngasikhala. Kunezindawo eziphelele kuzo izidingo ezithile kwezindlu ezakhiwe kumasimini noma ezinhloso okungabangela ukutholakala kohlelo noma amakhono wokwakha. Izingxenye eziphethwe zilandela izivumelwano eziphethwe, kodwa izindlu ezizulayo masingadinga izigaqelelo ezifinyezwayo ephatha khona indlela yabo esisodwa yokwakha noma uhlobo lwazo olwesicaba/oluphethwe.