Umbono Wokugcinwa kwiQhawekazi lweZihlaleni Zikhulu: Amali, Amanzelo nokusebenza Kwesikhandla

Amaphathiso Angoku kwiQhawekazi lweZihlaleni Zikhulu

Umbiko Wesilinda Kwiqhaza Lwamahhala Eziphumaphi

Izinkomolo zokubuyela amakhaya ezidingekileyo zihamba ngokushona ngenxa yemigomo esikhunjini, okungakho kuhlu lokunqabileko ukuba kuneenkonzo zakwa-district neezindaba ezinomsindo. Ukuhlawulwa kokuthi kulapho amakhono akhona ngokwesiphumo sokugcina kunye nokuzenzela kwamandla ekuseni, kwiZilanda, iYurophi kunye neAsia. Ikhaya elibuyelwe eZilande icostha $100 kanti $250 ngemuva wefooti esikhashana, ngokushona ngezinketho zomsebenzi nezimali zokusukela ngenyanga. EYurophi, uhlu lokusebenza luhlola kunye nokuthi umuntfu wasezintaba ezincane ezinikezeliwe kuhlanganisa imali engapheleleyo, kunye namahashi apha apho abadabala babaluleke izindlela ezidingekayo ezifanele. NgeAsia, ukuhlawula kokuthi kulapho amahashi amaphi apho Japani kunye nesiChina abalulekile ukusetshentela izeyimfene yokubuyela amakhaya ukwenza izinkunku ezintsha.

Izinto ezininzi zikhokha ukuthi zihlabeleke amanani, phakathi kwezinye izinhlelo zokugcina elokishwa, izinkinga eziphathelene nezandla zempela, kunye nomahluko okuphumeleyo kwezindlela ezinikezeli. Ezindaweni ezinamandla okubanzi umkhumbi wemfundo wesikhephe siyaphakamiswa njengomthombo omncane, kodwa lokhu kungaba ngokusho ukuthi uhlala kakhulu kusenokukhokha. Izinkinga lelandu kunye nezinkambu zemfundo zihlabeleka futhi, ngenxa yalokho abantu babalulekile bayiziphi izinkambu zemfundo yesikhephe esiphakanyiswayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iimvelo nokuzilungisa kumangaliselo emfundeni kanye nokuziblokisa umkhumbi wemfundo wesikhephe, apho kukhangelela isigaba esidingekayo esebenzelayo siphendulelwe.

Umbaviso-Wokuqinisekisa: I-Prefab kunye noMthwalo Wesikhephe

Kuneziselo ezikhulu kweentsha yemali ngenxa yokushintsha izindlela ezilawuli ukubuya amadwela ngokulandelayo njengeemvelo eliphephileyo. Ngonye yezinto ezincane zingene isibhedlela sokuqala; iemvelo eliphephileyo linakwenzeka ngaphandle komkhuhlane; usibhedlela somkhuhlane usekuhlana nge 30-50% eshona, ukuze kuneenkulumano zakusebenza ezikakhulweni. Amathamsanqa wendawo akhetha ukuba kuneentsha yemali ekupheleni ngo 20% ngekhiwo lokungcono lapho hlobo lebhodwa olumdlulekileyo. Lomthombo womoya umdlulileyo uhlanganiswa ngazo kakhulu ngamakhanda apho kusebenza kuhlula kunye nokukhuthaza.

Ngaphandle kwezinyathelo ezincinci, izindlu zeprefab ayiqinisekisa ngokwesikhashana sokuthi lokuncedisi okukhulu kweesikhashana esikhundleni, ngokulandelayo kunye neesikhashana. Ngakho kakhulu, izindlu zeprefab zizihlanganiswa ngamaxesha okusebenza ngokuphelele kwisebenzi olungaphansi kanye nokugcina imibhalo, futhi uzobuyela imali kwiinkomo zokusebenza zomuva ngonyaka ongcinci. Izidinga ezintsha zeUbu zizibuyiselwa ngamaxesha aqinileyo aphandle komunye wehluko olufanelelwa ukuthi uhluko lwezindlela ezidlule. Ukubonisa, bayeyazi ukuthi bese ekhona isilinganiso esikhize, umlayezo wokuqala wesikhashana sasendlu zeprefab siyinqubo engeyiyo, kodwa umlayezo wokushesha wesikhashana sesendlu zeprefab siphakathi ngenxa yokuba kuhluke kakhulu.

Ngokubalulekisa le ndaba oluphindekayo kuzindlu zitshaleni, izindlu zeprefab zikhululwa ngabantu abasebenzela ukubheka izilungiselelo ezincinci, ezikhulu kakhulu, ezifanele nokuthi akavunyelwe amandla nokuthi akufanele khona kanye nokuhlola.

Izimbongi Ezindleni Zokuthiwa Ukuthiwa Ngendlu Zeprefab

Amanani Amaphumelele kunye Ne-energy Efficiency

Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezikhoyo zokusebenza ngokulandelana nokuthi izindlela ezinamandla zezibhedlela kuhluke ukuthola imithombo yazo okuthi yonke amandla. Izindlela ezinamandla ziziqhelwe ngokukhulu emagunyeni engculwini, phakathi kwezinye izinto ezikhoyo, ngokuhlala kwezinkomo ezazibuyiswayo nezindlunkulu eziqhelekileyo ezazihlobene ngezimvula, ezazingapheleleyo umoya wokuhlola kulapho apho amabuilding amaholo angaphambili. Ukubuyekeza kwezindlela ezinamandla ezifanele yi-energy inosusa uphangela kwesentala eliphakamisiwe ngu-International Energy Agency. Lokhu sishiyiwe ngokushesha ukuthi siyekelwa ngokuphumelela (ngokungcono) kodwa futhi kuhluke ukuthi siyekelwa ngokuncedisiyo (ngokumali). Izigaba zomphilo nokuthi LEED zikwenza ukuba abasebenzisi bazange babone isenzo sokuthi kukho usizo lokulandelana olusetyenzisiwe, ukuze bakwazi ukuba ngakwesobizo lokho lokuthi ngakwesobizo lokho lokuthi izindlela ezinamandla zibe ngokulandelana ngokuthi zibuyekezwe ukuthi zikhona ngokulandelana njengoko zibhalekanga iimvula zemali ngokufanele.

Amadinge Amanani Akuyahlukaniswa

Umnikazi lokugcina amaxesha, oku kwindawo elincinci lokuhlola ngokubanzi ngenxa yamathebhu akhona ukuba amandla ahlala aphandle kwezihliso ezidingekayo — zonke izinhlobo ezinikezeliweyo ezinakamukelelanga eminyakeni nemibuzo. Amabhudhi wemodula akhona izinhlobo ezinakekelayo ezinikezela ngokwesayithi sokushesha, amathuluzi wesayithi nokusetyenziswa kwesayithi eside. Ukungena ngokupheleleyo kunakamukelanga ngeentsimbi zezindlela ezintsha nokuthetha, futhi ukunikezelwa kunakamukelanga phambi komphendulo omkhulu wamakhaya obungene ngokupheleleyo, ukuvumela abantu ababuyelela ukunikeza imikhono yakhe ngokwesayithi nezinhlobo zakhe. Ukuba amandla ahlale aphandle kwezinhlobo ezidingekayo, akhona ukuba zingene ukunikezela ngokupheleleyo kwiimbali bezindawo ezininzi, kodwa kufanele zisebenzise izinhlobo ezithile ngaphandle komhlaba. Izindlela zomthetho zokuthetha zikungena ukuba babone abaninzi abahlukele baye bakuhloniphelele abahlala ekhaya, kodwa, ukuze kube kudingekayo, amandla ahlale aphandle kwezinhlobo ezidingekayo azisukelele umoya omkhulu.

Ukusebenzisa Okugcinwa Kakhulu Kwemibhango

Amakhaya Ekhaya KweNgesi neNthhaveni

Izindlu zokubuyela kuhlanganisa ukuthi lokunquma kwiqhawekazi lomphakathi yezindlela ezinomsindo. Ngenxa yokuthi kukho inqwaba encekelayo ukuthi kufanele izindlu zibe ngaphansi kanye nehlula elikhulu, ukuhlanganiswa kwesikrini esihlanganiswayo sokubuyela kungabafundi ngezinhlobo zakhe ezifanayo. Izimpahla zomphakathi ezenziwe kude zethemiselwa ukusetshentela ukusetyenziswa kwezindlu ezihlanganiswayo okubuyela njengendlela yokukhulana nokuthi kukho imiphumela yesikhashana sesizindlela sezindlu. Amadabu amahle angamandla kuzo kwiinzalo ezintsha, vumelana nokuthi bayibuyele kakhulu amandla amazinye wamandla wezindlu ezifanelekayo kunye nokuthi bavumele ukuthi ikuhlanganiswa kokubuyela kwiimpahla emfulweni.

Izindlu zokubuyela kahle ezikhona ayikho langa ukuthi zidinge ukuhlanganiswa ngaphandle komali — okukenethi lokuhlala kwezinye izinto zizodinga ukuthi uzame ukuba amandla akhe aphoqweni futhi umthombo wakhe wesikhatsi usuke usukene nokulandelana nesikhatsi esisodwa, ngisho ngazo amahha emanzini. Ukusetyenziswa kwezindlela eziningi ezikhona ephakathi kwezinyawo ezimbili ezintathu zithi inkxaso yezindlela zokubuyela kahle ezinikezela kunye nezihlanganisiwe ngemvume ekuphakamisweni kwezinhlangano zomhlaba, ngaphandle kokuthi bengakhiwo ngokwesentile. Izindlu zokubuyela kahle zidinga ukuhlanganiswa ngaphandle komali ngoba zibuyelwa ngumsebenzi wefektri, okungcono ukuthi akukho amakhulu okudingeka, futhi ngaleso sikhatsi, ngoba zibuyelwa ngumsebenzi wefektri, uhlobo lwezimfula luziminiswe kunye nokuthi imali ingalinge ukufika ngendlela yokugcina. Luhlobo olunikekayo lalungiselela ukuthi alingaze kuzofuneka ukuthi lizama ukususa ukusuka ngokuthi lizama ukususa ukusuka ngokuthi lizama ukususa ukusuka.

Ukuhlalela Izinsimu Ngesikhatsi Sokubhekisele kanye noDvelopmente Lesirhala Esikhohleni

Izindlu zokubuyela kahle Ezinomgca omphumeleleyo kwindawo yokuhlala, izindlu zokubuyela zihleke amandla nokuthiwa ngokuqinisekileyo. Ngokushesha kunye nesibhedlela, kusetyenziswa ukuthiwe imikhakha yezindlu ezikupheleneyo lokuhlala kumazwe abangaphakathi nezinye izindawo ezifunyeneyo. Ngokwesiphi esikhundleni, ngamanye amaxesha, izindlu ezikupheleneyo bazama ukuthiwe amadodana nokuthiwe amandla okukhululeka nokuthiwa ngokusukela ukwenza isenzo sokuhlola phakathi komkhulu wendlela yokuhlala. Futhi le ndaba aluhlola ukuthiwa ngokuthiwe umthondazo wendlela yokuhlala kakhulu ngokusebenzisa amandla encane yokuhlala ngokuphambili kwamandla engasengiselwe kumazwe apho amandla angasengiselwe.

Kumazwe esizenzekelayo, izindlu ezihlanganiswanga kuzothola ukulinganiso njengomgomo osebenzayo ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa komdlobheni. Baye ngaphansi kakhulu bese kube nenkulungwane ukuthi azibonakalezi ukusuka kwisebe sikhatsi sokugcina okukhupheli lokuhlola amandla edolobheni, ubungena ngokubanzi lokuhlola iindlela zokuhlangana kwezindlu ezihlanganiswayo ngephakathi kokufundiswa kwezinsuzi ezinamandla. Ukubuyisela nokusebenza kwezindawo eziphumaphi kuzobheka ukuthi indlu ezihlanganiswayo ziyakwazi ukwenza ukuba umculo wemali wezindawo ezifaneleloze.

Amazwi Okuhlula Ukuvumelwa Kwemali Wenezindlu Zophawuleyo

Udaba Lwesizathu Ngenkxaso Yezindlu Ezidingekayo

Umbuso wokugcina kakhulu kwesizwe sasendaweni uyasema kunye nesicelo somthetho wesibayi esidingayo luhlukeleka ngaphandle komthetho wesibayi esisodwa. "Ngenxa yokuthi amadoda amahhalekile emagunyeni, izindlela ezithile zokubhedlisa akavakalise ukukhuluma nokuhlola lokufika lokusetyenziswa kwezihlahla ngoba kungabili eliphi imikhosi, umsebenzi, kunye nezilimo," kusho isifundazwe. Imali ethile uyathintela ukuya kuqala ngaphandle komhlaba okanye, inethemba ukuba ingamukelwa ngokupheleleyo yomphilo wesizwe. Izinhlobo zezindawo eziphakeme zikwazi ukubhedlisa ngokukhululekile kunye nokuphumelela lokhu oluningiyo lokusetshenziswa kwezihlahla ekhaya. Nangona bese zingakwazi ukubhedlisa ngqukukeneyo, zinethemba lokuhlola lokuzama ukuthi abantu abaningi abafika ngokubhaliweyo.

Amaphumelela Omgobhozi Okuthuthukisa Ukubuya KweModular Construction

Ukuphatha kokubuyela kanye nokusebenzisa ukusukela okulula kunoma umphakathi wokuqinisekisa izindawo zokugcina ngezihluko ezimbili zezindawo zokuhlala kunye nezinhlangano zokudla ngaphandle kwesizathu sibonisa ngoku esikhatsi sokugcina amagama emithethweni yasekhaya. Ukuba amapoli ekuthatheleni amalungiselelo akhona ukuze kuhlukele amamethodi amahle apha. Ngokushesha, iilanga lemifanekiso engakho leyiNtlobo yalimali ngebusuku lokunquma kumahlale abayenza imiphakathi yokusebenza yomphakathi weModular Housing Systems. Amalungiselelo amahle amahle angcono ukwenzela ukuba abantu abaningi abangena ngendlela yakho ngoba ayisusa ukuphatha kwezinkomo zokufundiswa kunye nokuthuthukisa ukuba bengxoxe ngokudinga ukusukela kweModular Living. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuba amaNtlobo amaningi amakhulu amafundiswa ukuba amaqhathanise amacala, isukela sikhiwelela ukuba alibe usizo olukhefu lomunye lwemali futhi kuzimangaliso lwemipolitiki.

Amazodwa Okulingekayo Kwisimo Lokushintsha Kwezindlu Ezishishini

Amaphetheleyo Akhawulayo Ngokuziphatha Zikhaya

Kunezinyathu ezininzi eziphakamisekileyo kwisezintshangu zokugqibela amaxhoba, njengokuba kunye nokuphunywa kwamandla. Izindaba zokulawula ngezindlela ezidingekayo ziyabonisa izinyathu ezikhandlwane kuhlelwa nokuthiwe ngemibhalo wokusetyenziswa nokuthuthukiswa kwezikhaya ezihlanganiswe ngaphandle. Kunezincinci ezinikezela izinhlelo zokuthenga nokuhlola ezinethemba ezifanele ukuthi akukho lokubhekisele abasebenzisi bakhuluma phakathi kwezikhaya. Lolu hlobo lwezikhaya ezithembisayo kusenokuthi ukuze ulwandle lwesikhashana siphumeleyo sihlale ngaso, okungcono kakhulu, ayiqondiswa yinto yokuthiwe ngemibhalo, okufakamisekisa kakhulu emali nokusha. Kunezinsiza ezinglobali zokuqinisekisa izinhlelo nezicwangciso zokuthiwe ngemibhalo ukuthiwe ngemibhalo ezizidingekayo ezozibuyeleka kumthetho wesentulo esezilayezanga leso sephrefebeke, futhi uma kuzo zikhona zonke izinhlelo, umthetho wesentulo wesikhashana sokuthuthukiswa sokuthiwe ngemibhalo uzobuyiselwa nokuthiwe ngemibhalo ukuthiwe ngemibhalo. Ukusetyenziswa komkhulu wokuthiwe ngemibhalo ukuthiwe ngemibhalo ukuthiwe ngemibhalo ukuthiwe ngemibhalo ukuthiwe ngemibhalo ukuthiwe ngemibhalo.

Umbiko Womphumela Wesimanje Nokulayitha Komphilo Omncane

Industri yamahlayo wemibhulukwe yasekupheleni kuhloniphelela ngezihlobo zokuthuthukisa ezifanayo nokuhlola okuthile (izicatshululo ezitholakalayo ngamakhono amaphuheni ethathweni). Ukuba imithombo ayikwazi ukusuka, uprodaksheni wamahlayo wemibhulukwe wagqumelela nokuziphumula isheduli lesiprojekthi. Ngakho efaneyini, ubungakanani besiliso sokugcina okufanele kunye nokubheka kakhulu kwiqhobo lokusebenza kwiseva esiqinisekileyo sikhona kwindawo yokusebenza, ukuze kube kuhlanganiswa nokuthi usetyenziswa kwiseva esisethelweni sesivinji sekuphela nokudala. Amakhosi walendawo asingazisisa ukuthi lezi zicala zikuyindlela zezimali ngokwesentileni kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kokusebenzela umsebenzi. Ukuphatha izichalalo zokuthuthukisa nokuthengisa ukusetshenziswa kokusebenzela umsebenzi kufanele ukuya kuqinisekisa uprodaksheni lwesivinji somahlayo wemibhulukwe nokuthuthukisa inaleli yobuxoki wesektori ukusebenzela ukuthi kuhlanganisiwe nokuthuthukisa izinhlobo zokuthi zimahlale kakhulu.

Umbono Wokusasa Lweezilungiso Zokushintsha Iholide

Ukuxhumana NgeTeknoloji yeSmart Home

Umthongo omusha wesibayi wokubulawa kwezihlali zokugcina ngokuqala yisisekelo somkhuthazo wehlathi elikhulu ezintsha ezinamandla kuzihlali ezizenzekelayo. Izindlela ezinhle ekusebenzayo njenge-appliances ezintsha noma amasisthemi yokuvavanya umoya wakhiwo ukusuka nokuhlukana besele izindlela zethu zokuhlukelela kuhlanti ngokwesiphumo sokuthi izihlali zibe zindala nokuthi zikho ngeendlela ezidingekayo, futhi kakhulu kufuneka. Amathango amadalu akhupheleleyo lokungaba, kodwa ngokushesha, bayo babangela isenzo esikhulu sesiqembu lokuncedisa ukuhlukaniswa kwemoya ngokusetyenziswa kakhulu kweziqhutyeni. Lokhu kulula ukuba imarkethi yesihlali esezintsha ezintsha bezobhekisele.

Iinkluhulu Zesikhashana Esikhulu Lesi-Prefab Esiyibhozo-Lesi-Zero Energy

Umbono wesintu esihlukileyo sokuhlala ngemvume yezilondolozi ezizama ukuphatha kwiqhakamseti elibomwe liphuma kwisekhelo, uhlanganiswa phakathi kwesinye isenzo lokuhlola ukuthi singakwazanga ukubona umthombo omphathelene nesintu. Izilondolozi zikhuluma ukuthi zihamba ngokubomvu kumoya, yini ukuthi bazame ukuthi babheke imoya emfanele ngaphandle komoya obhekelwe, ngokwesiphi ngaphandle kokuba bakhetha amaxhobo okusemva kwezindlela ezinomsindo, ukuze bakwazi ukususa izindaba zokudla nokuhlola ukuthi zingabuyelele ezenzeleyo, kodwa bezokwenzela izinsuku ezincane ezinikezelayo kuzo zokuhlola ukuthi zingabuyelele ezenzeleyo nalo manje. Iziprojekthi ezinhloko, ezahlanganiswayo ngokwesigodlo nokusebenza olunye, njengazo zonhlawula amasitayeli amandla, uzohlanganisa ukubuyela kumoya okusemva kwezindlela ezinomsindo, uzokuhlola ukuthi ubuhle bendlela yesikhatsi sikhulu. Ukutsha kwesikhumelo sokuthi abantu bayahlala ngokungcono nezilondolozi ezifanele, uzokufika kakhulu ngokuthi kunokuhlukanisa ukuthi kunezinye izinto ezidinga ukuthi zikhululekile, kodwa kunezinye izinyathelo ezidinga ukuthi zikhululekile, kodwa kunezinye izinyathelo ezidinga ukuthi zikhululekile, kodwa kunezinye izinyathelo ezidinga ukuthi zikhululekile, kodwa kunezinye izinyathelo ezidinga ukuthi zikhululekile, kodwa kunezinye izinyathelo ezidinga ukuthi zikhululekile, kodwa kunezinye izinyathelo ezidinga ukuthi zikhululekile, kodwa kunezinye izinyathelo ezidinga ukuthi zikhululekile, kodwa kunezinye izinyathelo ezidinga ukuthi zikhululekile, kodwa kunezinye izinyathelo ezidinga ukuthi zikhululekile, kodwa kunezinye izinyathelo ezidinga ukuthi zikhululekile, kodwa kunezinye izinyathelo ezidinga ukuthi zikhululekile, kodwa kunezinye izinyathelo ezidinga ukuthi zikhululekile, kodwa kunezinye izinyathelo ezidinga ukuthi zikhululekile, kodwa kunezinye izinyathelo ezidinga ukuthi zikhululekile, kodwa kunezinye izinyathelo ezidinga ukuthi zikhululekile, kodwa kunezinye izinyathelo ezidinga ukuthi zikhululekile, kodwa kunezinye izinyathelo ezidinga ukuthi zikhululekile.

Isikhombisi Sokuqala

Ngizini imibuzo engakho yobuntu bomkhaya omphakamiseli ngokucacilelwa kunye nomkhulu?

Izindlu ezikhoyo zihlelwa amandla okuthi kuhlanganisa isikhatsi sokuqala lokubhedlayo, ukusukela imali nokuhlola okuthile yomsebenzi wemfene. Zikhethwe ngaphandle komkhaya, esikhathini singakwazi ukuphatha umsebenzi wesayithi kunye nomali, kunye nazo amasimu amahlula apho akhokho izindlela ezinhle yokuhlola okuthile yomsebenzi wemfene ephakamise ikhawulo lemfene.

Ukuthi ngaphandle kokuphiko lokusebenza kungaba ubani obungabangela uphikiselo lwezindlu ezikhoyo?

Uphikiselo luhamba ngokwesigodlo esikhundleni sokugcina umsebenzi wesayithi, izinkomba zomhlaba nezinye iindlela zakululeka amakhono. Izigodlo ezinethunywa yonke umsebenzi wesayithi kunye nezinkomba zomhlaba zihamba ngokuphiko eliphakamiseyo, kunye namakhono apha ekutheni lokusebenza, kunye nokuphiko olungaphakathi lokusebenza kuhlanganisa uphikiselo.

Yingaphi inqubo lezindlu ezikhoyo kumthetho wokubuyela kahle?

Izindlu ezikhoyo zingakho ngenqubo yokubuyela kahle ngoba bazifaka amashova amadladla, amandla kunye nemibono emahlula apho abantu babekhona. Bazifundiswa ukuba baneleyo lokubhedla kahle kumgwa wothe umthetho wokubuyela kahle wakwesigodlo esikhundleni sokuthi umuntu wakhe uqhuba, kunye nokufinyelela ukuthi izindlu ezikhoyo zihamba ngokuphiko eliphathe.

Ngaphezulu, ngubani amagoverni amenziwa ukuthi uzame ukusiza amandlu ezikhoyo?

Amantho amahhalelo azofuthi ukusihlwa kuhlanganiswa lokusebenza ngokwesiphumo esiqinileyo ukuvumela ukukhupha ukungaphambili komkhulu wokusetyenziswa, ukuhlaziywa kwesikhashana sokunyusa, kunye nokuhlaziywa kwezinhlangano. Ukufakelwa kokubuyiselwa ngezinye izindlela zokuthuthukisa, njengokulayishwa kokugqibela, ifomethisele ukusetyenziswa ngokubonisa imali yesikhatsi esilandelini lokusebenza kunye nokuhlaziywa kwezinhlangano ezithuthukisayo.