Ukukhaya Okugcinwa Kuzo Ngesandla kungaphandle kwesandla vs. Ukukhaya Kwangempela: Izinkuntshisi Nezinkinga

Isahluko sendlu sasihlaziwe kakhulu ngeminyaka kaqade, ngamathulwa amasha aphathelene namodeli esiyaKuhlenga. Phakathi kwalokhu, inkosi yendlu yokuhamba ihlangabezana nokuthuthuka, ekunika abasebenzi indlela engahambeki futhi engcono. Ngoba abantu abaningi bafuna izisombululo ezifanelekileyo nezinekowthe, kubaluleke ukwazi ukuqonda okusha okuphakade phakathi kwezinkathi zendlu ephinde zindlu eziphumelelayo ukuze kwenzeke isigaba esiqondile sokuthenga indlu.

Amatekitholoji ezezokwakha ezintsha ziyashisa indlela esebenzisa ngayo ubomi bezindlu, ngokuthi izakhiwo ezigcwele kanye nezinhlelo eziphawulwe ziholela ekuguqukeni. Umqodi wamakhanda evuselelwe wamakhanda avuselelwa kuyindlela eyahlukene kakhulu ukusuka kuzakhiwo okuhlangene nendawo kuze kube khona izisombululo ezinconywayo nezilondoloziweyo ezingasebenzi njalo ngokushintshana kwesimo sezinto. Lokhu kukholiswa okubalulekile kufundamentala kuhlola imiphilo enhle kanye nemiphikiswano yekhanda evuselelwe ngokulinganisa nozakhiwo olwasekuhlaleni lwasekhaya.

Noma ungaphinde ungathanda ukuncipha izindleko, ukuthatha impilo yakho ngendlela efushane, noma ungabheka izici ezinye zezenzo, ukuqonda izimpendulo zakho ezifanele zizindleko zokuhlala kuzosiza ekwenzeni kwakho izinqumo. Isibonelo sisonke sinesimo esihlukile sokunikezela kanye nempikiswano esinokuthinta ngqo ukuduma kude, ukuthuthwa nokwahlukanwa komlando.

Ukugcina izindleko kanye nokuphatha kwazo

Izidingo Zokuthola Isidingo

Isahluko sangempahla kwezimali kuyisahluko esikhulu kakhulu phakathi kwezenzo lokuthenga ikhaya elijulile nezenzo zokuthenga ikhaya eliphumelelayo. Ikhaya elijulile lingadinga ukunyuswa okuncane kakhulu, okwesibonelo kusukela ku-$50,000 ukuya ku-$200,000 ngokwesayizi, izimboni, nezinga lekucushwa. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuthenga umnyango kubantu abangaphandle kwizimali ezihlukene ezifuna ukuthenga ikhaya.

Ngokuphathelene, izindlu eziphumelelayo ziphatheka ngamandla aphakeme ngenxa yemali, izindleko zokulungiswa, nezindleko ezingaphansi kwayo zingaba phezulu kuka-$50,000 ngaphambi kokugqama komshwalo. Indlela yokuthenga ikhaya elijulile iyekwa lezi zindleko, ibiza indlela enzima kakhulu yokuthenga ngaphandle kokudinga kwezimali eziningi.

Ubunzima bokwakha kusisa kakhulu ekhethweni kwemali yokuthenga indlu yomphakathi. Izimo ezilawulwe zokwakha ziphepha izindleko zezimbono, ubungako bomsebenzi, nokudala okuthintana nesihlalo okuphendula izindleko eziphakeme zokwakha ngendlela ephathelene nomthetho. Lezi zindleko zikhutshazwa ngqo kubenefiti bezimali, kuvumela ukuthenga kwezindlu ezibangelwa ngabantu abaningi.

Imiphumela Emuhle Ngemuva Kwesikhathi Eside

Ukunyusa kwezimali kuhlukahluka kakhulu phakathi kwezinhlayiya zesi simiso, kushiyela umthelela olungele kuze kube khona izinqumo zokuhlinza ngoba. Izingcansi ezinhlekile zonakele ukunyusa kwezimali njalo, zikhiqiza iqithi ngexesha futhi zisebenza njengemigomo yokuhlinza ngokuhlala. Indawo yokuthenga yezindlu zomphakathi, nakuba iphinde iphinde ngokushesha, ithinta izimo ezahlukene zokunyusa kwezimali ephatha kangcono kakhulu ubunzima bekhiyi nekubekwa kwindawo kunalokusho.

Izindleko zokuphatha zibonakala njengendlela ebalulekileyo yokufaka izindleko. Izindlu eziyisisekelo kudinga ukulungiswa, izibuyekezo, nezimbondezo ezifanayo okwenzeka kuthi kube yizindleko ezikhulu ngeminyaka engama- decades. Izenzo lezindlu ezingaphindezika zafakwa izimo ezitsha, eziphethwe kakhulu ezingapheli kangako, nokho izinsuku zokubuyisela kuzodingeka ziphathelene nezindlu eziyisisekelo.

Izindleko zomthengo wasekhaya nezimali zokuhlinzeka ziy differing kakhulu phakathi kwalokhu. Izindlu zasempeleni zihlangana nomthengo waleshishini nabezinkinga bezobuchwepheshe, ngelixa imthengo wezindlu ezingaphindezika kuthinta ngokuthi ichazwe njengesiproperty esiphatha kumuntu noma sesivili. Kukhona futhi uhlelo oluhlu lokuhlinzeka nolutholakala, okushintsha izindleko zokunakekelwa ngokuphelele ngonyaka wonke wokunakekela.

Ukutholakala Kwesikhungo Nokuthola Kwesimo

Ukuxhasana Nezidingo Zokuhla

Isigaba esithembekileyo se indlu eyaphakathi ukuzulazula kwisikhala esingenalo mlando wokuthi kufakwa kwindawo eyithile. Ngaphandle kwezindlu eziqineleyo ezilandelwa kuzo izindawo, abakhokheli bezikhala zihamba zingathweba umsebenzi, ukuguqula kokuphila, noma ukuthandana nokuphila emkhosini obuhlungu ngaphandle kokuthengisa indlu noma ukulandela imbono yokuthengiselana.

Lo msebenzi wokuthi isikhala singahambeki uyisisekelo ekubaleni kumsebenzi ohambe khona, abasazane, noma abaprofeshoni basezinkundleni ezidinga ukuthi kuthwebe kakhulu. Ukunakwa kokugcina izimo ezifanayo zokuzulazula ngelikusasa kuzo zonke izindawo zezamazulu kunciphisa ink freedom engeyekho ngendlela yesifungo sezindlu. Ukuthwebeka kweminyaka kuyenzeka yisisekelo, kunciphisa abakhokheli ukulandela amakhono okuphila noma ukuzivikela kwezimali ezimbi.

Izindlela zokuphuma ngokushesha kuyisilingo esinye sokuxhumana okutholakala kakhulu kodwa akubangelwa phawula ekhethweni kwendawo yokuhlala. Izinkinga ezenzekayo, izinkinga zomnotho, noma ukungaqondani kwezokugcina kungase kube yidinga ukuguqulwa ngokushesha. Abakhiqizi bezindlu ezinamandla bakhona indlela yokuguqula konke okuhlalwayo kwizikhundla eziphathelene, bekunika ubuhle bakho nobucophele abangakwazi ukufuna njalo ngezindlu eziyintombi.

Ukuxhumana nokuzimisela Kwesizukulwane

Amava wokuxhumana kahle kuye kumele kuhlukaniswa phakathi kwezindlu zomphakathi nezindlu eziyintombi. Amaphathebe nezindunankulu zezindlu ezinamandla zazimele ukuthuthukisa ubudlelwane phakathi kwebantu abanamandla futhi abanemibuso yomthombo wezinto abahlala ngazo. Lezi zindunankulu zazimele ukuthuthukisa izigaba ezikhethekile zabantu abanamandla futhi zazimele ukuthuthukisa ububi bomphakathi.

Amaganga ethradishini ayamukela izimo zokuxhasana ngokwezinye, ngemithombo yezidingo ephathelene, ubunikazi bezifundazwe, kanye nokuthintana kwegazi ezidlule. Izindawo zezikole, amasevisi wenduna, nezimali zokuthuthukisa izidingo kungakhathalwa khona phakathi kwalezi zidingo, okwenzela ukuthi kube nzima ekunqumeni kuzingeni noma kuzidingo.

Izigaba zomlando kanye nezono esemthethweni esihlongozwayo ngokulala kwindlu enambithi kuyashintshe njengoko izakhiwo zamanje namaganga ayashisa izici ezindala. Izakhiwo zamanje zendlu enambithi zinezixhobo zempahla nezakhiwo ezingcono endaweni yesiqingatha, okwenzela ukuthi izigaba zombuso ziphucuke kuyo kufundiswa kanye nokuhlala kwizidingo.

Ubunzima Bekwakhiwo Kanti Ubude Bokuphila

Imithombo Yekhwankhwa Nezimbono

Izindlela zokudala kuyizinkinga ezahlukene phakathi kwezimali zomphakathi nezindlu ezenziwa ngendlela eyisisekelo. Izingxenye zezindlu ezenziwa ngendlela ethile zisetshenziswa ukudala kuqalekile, lapho amakhanda akhona kumoya wasezulwini ngenkathi kudalwa, okungaholela ekuphileni kwezinsuku eziningi. Ukudala kwesimali kudalwa emfundeni olungeziwe, okugcina amakhanda bese kuhlanjelwa ubume obufanayo kuyo yonke indlela yokudala.

Ukukhetha amakhanda endaweni yesimali kubandakanya ukuphelisa kumgama nokuzula kwezimali futhi kuhlale kube khona ubume bomthombo. Amakhanda abuyekeza, izinto ezakhiweyo, nezinhlelo zokudala zezincobo ezingaphansi kwegrama zinika ubuchwepheshe obufana nezindlu ezenziwa ngendlela ethile futhi kususwa umgama kabusha ukuze kuthuthukise ukudala.

Imithetho yokulawula ubunzima kumgangatho wokwenza izindlu ezihambisanayo kahle kakhulu kuneminyaka engcono kakhulu kumgangatho okwenzekayo emazingeni ephatha indlu. Ukuhlola ngendlela ethile, imbono engezweyo, nokuxhumana kwezimo ezilungileyo kuthuthukisa ubunzima bokwenziwa ngokuvamile ngenkinga encane kakhulu yomthelelo futhi ukuphulaphula kwentengo. Le ndlela yokwakha kususa izidingo zokugcina futhi kuthuthukisa izilinganiso zokuthandwa kwegazi.

Ubunzima bokwakha nezobuhle

Ukukhathazeka kwindlala futhi ukuzimisela kwebanga kuyizinkinga eziphathelene nesobuhle kumodeli wendlu ehambisanayo. Ukukhiqiza kwezindlu zintsha kufaka phakathi ukuthuthuka kwezibalo okufanayo noma okuphambene kakhulu nemigangatho yendlu yokwakha yasekuhlaleni ngendlala futhi ukukhathazeka kwegolide. Imithombo yokuhlaba futhi imithetho yokuxhumanisa ibanga iyagciniswa isimo esifanayo nendlu ephatha indlu emazibini wonke amava.

Ukuzimiswa kwezimali zokuphepha kuyahlukana phakathi kwezinhlanziso, ngaphandle kwezinhlanziso ezinzima zokuphatha izinto ezingavulwa yiimbawulo nezibonelo zeziphatheka ezithile kumakhanda okufinyelela emakhanda amancane. Amakhanda ethu anika amathuba alungile ekuphepheni njenge-ugcobo lwezimali nezindlela ezimbili zokuphuma, nakuba izindlela zombili zingafinyelela izilingo esifanayo ngezibonelo nezibonelo.

Imizamo yokusebenzisa inzuzo kwizinhlanziso ezenziwa yisilikalaki zaziphumelela kunezinhlanziso eziphambene ngokuba kunezinhlanziso eziphansi, izixhobo zokuhlisa eziphucwayo, nezixhobo zomthwalo ozimeleyo. Amakhanda amancane adidinga inzuzo engaphezulu yokuchazela nokuthintela, ngelixa izinhlanziso eziphucayi zamandulo zazingena izinhlobo zasemadolobheni zesiliko nezibonelo eziphucayo zokubunjwa komkhondo owaziwayo okunqamlezela ukusetshenziswa kwinzuzo nguye yonyaka.

Izidingo nezimpendulo zokulawula

Ukuhlelwa Kwezindawo Nezinqumo Zezindawo

Izinketho zokunikezela kwezimali ezinamandla ezenziwa khona kuhambisana kakhulu phakathi kwezifundazwe, kuthuthukisa izidingo ezide ezingcono kuzalaleli. Amadulankulu amaningi akhuphula ukunikezela kwesimali esinamandla ekhona kumphakathi okhethiwe noma emaqoshini, ekhubaza ubuchwepheshe bokutholakala futhi kungahlukane kubonelela amathambo wendawo. Kudingeka ukuthi uqonde izimo zeziphakamiso zomphakathi ngaphambi kokuthenga isimali esinamandla.

Izindlu ezihlelekile zithembeka kuziphakamiso zezindlu ezigcwele nokuvikela okutholakala kwayo okunikeza indlela ethembekile yokuthuthukisa. Izimfanelo zomthetho olidolobheneyo olutholakala ngekuqinisekisa kwendlu kufaka phakathi izimfanelo zokuthenga yonke indawo eyayithengi umntu, okungalitholi lutho umthengi wezimali ezinamandla ezenziwa khona uma uyasebenzisa indawo ephathekayo.

Izidingo zokuvumela ukusakazeka kwezindlu ezimbambene kuyadinga izinyathelo ezingahli ngaphezu kwezivumelwano zokujengisa. Ukubhwebhwa kwakhithophu, izivume zokuthutha, nokuvunyelwa kokulungiselela indawo kwenza amandla aphathelene ngezimali okungaba yinkathi ibekelwa ngokushesha noma ikhiphe amaphutha njengoba kuyasebenza khona inkundla yendalo.

Iziphiko Nezinhlava Zokuhlinzeka

Ukufinyelela kwezimali kuyisidingo esikhulu xa kusalelwa indlu enxulumene. Izigigaba zezimali azikwazi ukusebenza kuzindlela zokuthenga lezindlu ezimbambene, kodwa kudinga izinqumo ezihlukene ezifana nezigigaba zezinto eziyinxenye noma izigigaba ezithunyelwe kakhulu kuzindlela ezakhiwe ngaphandle. Lezi zinqumo zezimali ziyanele ukuba zinezimo ezihlukene, izindleko zokudla, nezidingo zokuthola okuhluke kunezigigaba zezimali ezinhle.

Ukufakwa kwesicelo sebhange kumathuba athile akhiwe kakhulu kuyadinga izinqumo ezithile eziphatha imiphumela engqonge ngokuthi zihlanganisa izinto ezingavuselekanga. Izindleko zesisindo, izici zokufaka, nezinhilo zokunika isicelo ziyahlukana kakhulu kusiko lomphathi wesicelo sabantu abakhona kuzo, kodwa kumele kube khona ukubheka okucophelela kakhulu ekubeni yini yokuphatha nokusebenza kwegono elithile.

Izinyathelo zomkhakha wokuthengisa futhi umthwalo wamathuba athile akhiwe kakhulu kuyaphantsi kokuqinisekiswa kwendawo, ubuchule bezindawo, nezimo zomkhakha ngokujwayelekile. Amakhaya atholakala angena emaphikisweni amathuba azenzakalelayo ngezindlela ezijwayelekile zokulinganisa, ngelixa izimali zokuthengisa futhi umthwalo wamathuba athile akhiwe angahlanjulwa ngokuthi kuyaphantsi kwezizathu ezithile eziphatha izimali zezimpendulo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezindlela ezinhle kunye nokuhlola Okophandle Kwemvelo

Ukuphakama Kwamasiko Nokugcina Ukushintsha

Imithombo yezemfundo kwezokwakha kwesikhala esihambisanayo sibonisa ukusebenza okuhle kwezimali ngaphandle kwezindlela ezibalulekileyo zokwakha. Umphakathi othuthelwe wokwakha kuphazamise izindleko zezinto ngenxa yokugcina okucophele, iziqhumanisi ezizenzakalelayo, nezinhlelo zokudonsa izinto ezigcinwe kumsebenzi. Lokhu kusungulwa kubangela ukunciphisa isimo sezintshisekelo futhi izindleko zezinto ezingaphezu kuka-izimali.

Ukwakha kwezindlu kwenza izindleko ezinkulu ezifana nezinto ezingaphaya, izimvume, nezinkinga ezingadingeka ukuzivikela. Ukwakha kusendaweni kungenza izindleko zezinto kwi-10-20%, ngelixa ukwakha kwesikhala esihambisanayo kuyakhumbula izindleko ngezansi kune-5% ngokusebenzisa imithombo enhle yezemfundo nezinhlelo zokubuyisela izinto.

Kudingeka ukuzimiswa kwezimali zokumela ihausi elihamba kususelwa kwezimali zokumela izinto zokudala ngendlela ephathelene. Umendo wokumela ihausi elihamba kungakwazi ukuhluza izimo ezingaphezu kwezimo ezidingekayo zokumela izinto, izixhobo, nokuthutha kwabasebenzi phakathi kwezikhathi ezide zokudala.

Ukusebenza Kwegesi Nenkinga Yekhabhoni

Ubunzima bokusebenza kwegesi kwi ndlela yokudala ihausi ehamba buyaphantsi kwezindlu eziphathelene ngokuba ziphansi, nezibukhali zamandla, nezixhobo ezinobuchule bezamandla. Izigaba ezincane zangaphakathi zidinga amandla angaphansi ekulawuleni ubomi, ngelixa izinhlelo ezintsha zehausi ehamba zifaka izixhobo nezibuko ezinezindleko eziphansi njengemisebenzi yezinye indlela.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwezimali ezenzekwa khona kubaluleke kakhulu emisebenzini yendlu enambili lapho ubungako bokufakwa kwesilanga nokulula kwegogo lezokumisa izimboni zasolari nezinhlela zokugcina amabhethri. Lezi zinhlela zezimali ezenzekwa khona zingasebenza ngaphandle kwegogo ngendlela ebaluleke kakhulu kusebenziso lendlu enambili kunangendlu eyisisekelo engadinga izinhlela ezinkulu, eziningi izinkinga.

Izivikelo zomphathi wokuphila zibonisa iziphumo ezahlukene phakathi kohlinzeko lwendlu enambili nendlela eyisisekelo. Ngenhloso yokuthula kwezimali ehlakaziywa kuqala kuhlola uhlinzeko lwendlu enambili, izilinganiso zobubi bokudurable kungabangelani izilinganiso zobubi ngokude. Ukumelana okuhle nezinto ezihle zokuhlola zihlinzekela izidingo zomphathi wendlu enambili ngokuphelele komthetho wokusebenza ngaphandle.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yiziphi izigaba esikhohlwayo phakathi kohlola lendlu enambili nenhlalo yendlu eyisisekelo

Ukubamba indlu yomuntu ngokuxhaswe kuthatha ukunakekelwa okuncane kakhulu, okuphakathi kwe-50-70% kunendlini eyisiqeshana, nezimali zokuthenga ephakathi kwe-$50,000-$200,000 kunaphakathi kwezimali zokuthenga zezenzulo eziyisisekelo ezithintana kakhulu ne-$300,000. Kodwa, izindlu zomuntu ngokuxhaswe zingakhulula ngendlela eyahlukene kunazo ezinye izindlela zokusebenzela imali, futhi izinketho zokufaka imali zazungeza kuba nzima kakhulu noma zibonakale njengemali enguqukayo. Izindleko zakudala kufundiswa imali yokumema indawo ekugcinwa kuyo emkhahleleni wamadlu ahlose, kodwa abasebenzi basezenzulwini bakhokhela umlando wokusebenzela ngokukhulula kwesimanje.

Kungakhathalwa amandla abathengi wezindlu zomuntu ngokuxhaswe ukuthi bazolalela izindlu zabo?

Ukudizaina kwezinkundla ezintsha kuvumela ukuthinta, ngakumbi lokho kufaka phakathi izinsiza zokuthutha ngokugcwele, izivumelwano, nezimali ezidingekayo ekulawuleni indawo ephindwa kusuka ku-$5,000-kuya ku-$15,000 ngalinye. Inani lezikhathi elithintwayo lilodwa kumendini yokudala inkundla, imigomo yendawo, nemithetho yesisekelo endaweni esuselwa kuyo. Kunezinhlotshane zezinkundla eziphinde zibonakala njengezobukhona bokuthintana kangcono, kodwa ezinye zazingeka kakhulu ekulawuleni ubukhona bakhe.

Izifundazwe zezinkundla ephinde ziphinde zihambisana kanjani nezindawo eziyisisekelo

Amakhaya emobile eqinisekisa izinye indawo ezikhethekileyo yokubamba phakathi kwabahleli nokusebenzisa okukhokhelene njengezinkundla zokuzalazala, amapooli, nezinsiza zokuthembeka. Lezi ziphakamiso ziqinisekisa ukulungiswa kwegazi, izivumelwano zomnotho, nezigaba zomphakathi ongqindilili. Izindawo eziphambili zinamathuba ahluke njengoko kuyisifunda sezikole, izinsiza ze municipality, nezindlela ezahlukene zokuphatha izindlu, nakuba ukuxhumana kwezinhlonipho kudinga ukuzimela kangcono ukuze kudaleke iziqondana zomphakathi.

Kukhona niziphi iindlela zokufaka imali ngokunikezela izindlu zemobile

Ukulondoloza kwekhaya elihlolwe kufaka izindleko zokuthengisa, izindleko ze-FHA zokwakha ikhaya, nezindleko eziphathelene noma lokhu ikhaya elihlolwe kulinganiselwa njengeyibo. Izindleko zokulondoloza kwekhaya elihlolwe ziyobuyisa izindleko eziphathelene ngama-1-3%, kanti amandla okulondoloza angaba maphansi nangokuthi kunezimpendulo ezahlukene. Ababhili bethu bathatha izinqumo zokulondoloza, kodwa amakhredithi kunye namalawuli athile afake izinketho eziphambene abathengi abaqinisekileyo abafuna izisombululo zokulondoloza kwekhaya elihlolwe.