Ukuphakamisa Ukusiza Ngokuncane Ngezihlalo Zokuphucuma: Iindlela Ezifanayo Lomphakathi Omncane

Ukubuya kwezihluko Izindlu Zenkululeko emanzini Ngokusebenzisa

Ngaphi Izindlu Zenkululeko Zingavumeza Ukufinyelela Kokuhlaza-ndlovu

Izindlu ezimodular zisetyenziswa ukuyenza ubukhulu besifundo esihlonipheku ngokusetshenziswa kwezindlela ezimbili ezikhona ngenqanawe nezinhlobo zokubhedlela okuthile. Ngokusho kwesintu, kwiqhutywa elingekayo, umthombo wokusebenza kwezi ndlu eziphumaphi kusukekula, ukuze kube ekufaneleyo isithombe sokuthula esiphakeme kumkhakha wesifundo sesikhalo. Ngokuhlala kwe-repoti yase-McKinsey & Company, ukusetshenziswa kokubhedelela kukhona phantsi kunye no-4% kwezindlu zesikhalo sezilungiselelwe ngu-USA, kodwa iyasemukelwa ngokupheleleyo ngokuba kuhloniphekile amandla akwabo angaphandle komoya. Izindlu ezimodular zisetshenziswa ukuya kuvela indlela yokubhedelela phandle komphakathi, okuningi ukulahla amafutha nokusetshenziswa ukuncedeka imibiko. Abanye abahlali bethu labeke izincazelo zonke ukuba zisetshenziswa i-45% emangweni wenkqubo yokubhedelela kakhulu phambili kokuthi. Ukunquma kakhulu lwendawo lokusebenza leyo ngaphandle komoya kuzifaka izindlu ezimodular njengendlela yokugcina ukuthi usetshenziswa ngokuthile ngaphandle kokuthi uzame ukuthola ngokuthuli kanye nokuthi uzame ukuthola ngokubhedelela.

Amanani Akuqondisisi LweModular Construction Ngesifundo

Izibophezelo zokubhala kwezindlela ezimbili zihlanganisa ngaphandle kokuthi kube ngenkathi okuyimfanelo yobulawo, uzokusetyenziswa nokuhlola phakathi kwesikhashana sokuphucula nokusethemba njengamagcali apha ehlukene. Ngasinye sokuqhuma ukubhala, ubhala olwandle lwavela isithuthi esidingiweyo ngokungcono ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela ezikhoyo, lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuthi akhiwe imithombo yokushintsha. Lwendlela wakuhlanganisa ukususa umphakathi wezilimi emidvini apho uqinisekisa ukususa lokusebenza kumoya waseMhlophe ngokufanele kakhulu kakhulu kunjalo nalendlela lebhaliweyo. Ukudibanisa kakhulu kakhulu kanye nezinye izindlela zokubhala, iindlu ezimbili zisetyenziswa ngokuphi ndawonye lokusetyenziswa kwezi zinto ezaziphiweyo nokusetshenziswa kwezi zinto ezaziphiweyo, ngokuxhasa lokhu oluba ku-University of Cambridge, olunika ifomu eliphambili lokuthi akhiwe amashumi angasihlanu amacelenti amahhale esetshenziswa kwiqela lophumeleleyo. Ngaphezulu kwezi zibophezelo, iindlela ezimbili zingabona ukuthi zinakho ukusetshenziswa ukubhala nokuthi zinakho ukusuka nokugcina, ungenelelwa abantu abahlali abangayazi ukuthi bayenziwe ukuphucula nokuthi babuyekezele ukuphucula olungaphambili. Lokhu kulandelayo iresesha nemfowethu, ngoba zizikhathazo labantu abaningi labanye nokusetshenziswa nokusetshenziswa kwezi zinto ezaziphiweyo, lokhu kuhlanganisa ngokuphelele futhi nokusetshenziswa kwezi zinto ezaziphiweyo.

Ukuphakamisa Kwesibhedlela Ngenkinga Lomdlobheni Kwezindlela Zokuhlola

Umdlobheni Wokususa Ngokubhebhetjweyo Ngephandle Kwesibhedlela

Izinga lokususa ngokubhebhetjweyo lizidinga ukwenzela ukuphakamisa kwesibhedlela esibhedlileyo kumahlali wezindlela ezokuhlola. Izindlela eziqhutywa zihlola nokuthi zikhulumele amagumbi angaphakathi, uzokusukela ukuziphatha isibhedlela sasintu, ukuze akufanele ukusetshenziswa kweesiBhedlela sokushisa nokugcina. Ukusemthetho olwazi ukuthi izindlela ezisetyenziswa ngeyinga lokususa ngokubhebhetjweyo bazisisa iimithombo yokuqinisekisa kweesibhedlela, uzokusukela ukuthi babekho imigomo yesikhatsi esikhathini samalanga okuyona phakathi komhlaba. Ngokuhlawulwa kwezinye izifaniso zezilondolozi zezindlela ezinhlanganiswa, izindlela eziqhutywa zingabonisa nokuthi zisetshenziswa ukwenza ukuthi ziqinisekise ukusuka nokuthi zibhekise umsebenzi wamandla wesintu, futhi ziyavalela amagumbi angaphakathi nokuthi zibhekise umsebenzi wamandla wesintu, futhi ziyavalela amagumbi angaphakathi nokuthi zibhekise umsebenzi wamandla wesintu.

Amatekonolodhi Amahle Amanqaku Lwendawo Yokuqinisekisa Isibhedlela

Ukufakwa kwezinto ezinhloko zokugcina ukuhlanganiswa nge-energi ngaso kwiqhobo lwezindlela ezimbini kukho ithuthi elikhoyo lokusebenzela ukubuyeleka kwezindawo ezimbini. Izindlela ezimbini namuhla zisethembisa izidingi eziphumaphi ukusukelwa kwesihlalo, ukulinganisa okulandelayo nokuphumelela ukusetyenziswa kwe-energi—ukubonisa abo ngemibhalo esimweni esiziziyo. Ngexa, i-smart thermostats zingabuyeleya imigomo yezilondolozi ukusuka kwezinye izinto, uzokusasa okuhlola kwe-energi. Umthombo wase-International Energy Agency uhlanganisa ukuthi izidingi ezikhoyo zakhiwo amahluke 15-20% kusetyenziswa kwe-energi. Ngenxa yalokho, abasebenzisi bakaqobo bazokwamukela amapaneli emfanele osema-solar kunye ne-systems yokugcina ukuhlanganiswa kwe-energi ngempendulo, ukusetshenziswa isavings kakhulu kumaluzi. Ukusetshenziswa olunene lokunyekwa lokhu kungavumelekile ngezimo ezincedwayo zokugcina nokuthuthukisa umoya wesintu kunye nokuhlola.

Amathuba Amacabango kunye nezinto Ezisebenziswayo

Izixhobo Zokubuya Emzini kunye Nezixhobo Ezithunyelwe

Ukubulaa amaxwebhu okuthile kuhlonipha kakhulu imithombo yesiphumo esahlukene kanye nezilungiselelo ezivamiswe zokugcina amaxwebhu. Ukusebenzisa amaxwebhu esahlukene esihluke kuhlula ukusuka nokufika kwesinye isikhwama, ukuhambisana nokuhlala kwezinkqubo ezifanele ezindaweni eziyidingi. Ngokushesha, ukusebenzisa isicatulo esibuyiselwe ngemvula ngesikhatsi sasehlukene noma ibambu esihluke esihluke kuhluke kudinga ukunciphisa iindlela zokuthengiswa kwezinto zakugcina amaxwebhu. Okunye, ukucabanga kwezilungiselelo ezivamiswe, njengesi phakathi lokuhlola amaphoyiso akhethiweyo, kuhlanganisa umpho wokuqinisekisa ngokuphela ukususa izixhobo zabelandla nokugcina izinkxaso ezizithathe. Isithombe sesikhephe seEnvironmental Protection Agency sikuxabata ukuthi ukukhetha kahle kanjani kungabonisa ukuba imithombo yezintsha yokuhlola yezincinci ngokwesiqembu sokuthi 15%, ukuvumelana nokuphela kwezinhlobo zokuthi lezinhlobo zazihlabeleka kakhulu kwiindlela zokugcina amaqhawe angaphandle kokuthi amaqhawe angaphandle.

Ukucabanga Kokuthengiswa Komphilo Wesikhatsi

Amasiko amahhase aqinisekisa angaphakathi yonkeleleyo kuhlukezela ukusuka okulandelwayo ngasinye lokusebenza ukuhlawula iindlebe zokusebenza edibene nezihlomi. Izinsiko eziningi zikhetha ukwenza izicatshulwa nge-amandla esikhatsi sijikeleze, efunekayo ukuba kuhlukeze imigomo eminingi yokusebenza phakathi komunye nokulandelwayo. Ukudibanisa weBuilding Research Establishment ifuneka ukubuyekeza ukuba izihlomi zokusebenza zizidinge ku-50% ngokusebenzisana nesikhashana sokuphuculeka, ngoba yayingashintshwa yonke ilayishini wenza ukufitshane ngendlela yokugcina, ukususa umngeni. Ngokushesha, izinto ezivamileyo ezinhlobo zezilungiselelo, njengekuziphiwa kwe-3D printing technology, zingenhloko yokuhlola ukwenzela amandla ngokuvumela ukuthiwe amaxwebhu omkhulu ngendlela engavumelekanga ukusuka okulandelwayo. Lolu hloko olunempumelelo lungekabizo ukusuka okulandelwayo kodwa lisusa isenzo sesiphumo lesidlangalanga lokusebenza ngokuphucula izinkozo ezikhona nokuhlola uphawu lwemvelo ngokuphucula.

Izindaba Zokukhupha Okwahlula Kakhulu Ngenkinga Yezindlu Ezimfazweyo

Ukuphumelela kwezihluko ezintsha ngokwesikhathi kusukela kwezihluko ezidingekileyo

Izindlu zentsha zikholekiswa ngokubanzi njengamavoti othuthukisiyo olungaphandle komphakathi, uzokusetyenziswa ukuthi lokhu luhlukanisa uphawu. Ukuphumelela okulandelayo kuhluke kwe-10% kwe-30% yokuhlala kwe-inchi yesayithi yesikhatsi esingabangako kwezinhlobo zentsha zakho ngokwesayithi kunye nokuhlala kumkhakha wendaba weziphumo. Lolu hlobo olunemva kakhulu lolu hlobo laliphatha amafundisi abaningi. Ngakho ke, izindlu zentsha ziqinisekiswa ngazo ngezinye izindlela zokuhlola phandiwe, njenge-tax credits nokugqibela i-green energy grants, okuningi ukuba ziphathwe. Ngiyashaya amaxesha apho amadabu akhethwe ngokuthi ayabelana nezigaba zokuhlola umoya omphakathi, bayabelana nabanye abahlolwa abanemva kakhulu. Futhi, ukuhlolwa kwabo kwezi ndawo zazidabu ziziphiwe ngokuthi zimelane nezi ndawo ezingasetyenziswa ngokuphawuliwe kwezincedo lezi zingezantsi.

Amabhizinisi Abahlukanisekileyo Kumaqhude kunye neZilimi

Izindlu ezimodular zikhumbula amandla okulawulwa okuyaziwe ngokubanzi kwiqhobo lomlando wezindawo nezinto eziqondilekayo, uzokusetyenziswa kwisezintloko esidingeni nasezindaweni ezilimi. Izindlela zakho zinonakala ukuba zisethewe ngendlela olungileyo ukusetyenziswa kumlando wamakhono osebenzayo, njengemvume yezinye izinyawo, umhlaba omnyama nokuphucukeleka. Ngokushesha, izindlu ezimodular zibekwa ukwenzela iibhayisihayi zokugcina lezifundazwe, phakathi kwamalungelo asemandla yokuhlola uwindi, ushowu nokuphucukiswa kwezinsimu, ukusure ukuba ziziphathelwe ngokupheleleyo kwezinye izinto ezincinci lokudla. Lwendlela olunyawisiwe kuhlanganiswa ngokuphi ndawonye ngezindlu ezimodular ezininzi ezindaweni eziningi. Ngokushesha, eHammarby Sjöstad kuStockholm, izindlu ezimodular zikhangelela ukuthi ubuyekezo olungileyo obungako ngokufaka ukuncedisa isithuthi sokuthi siphumelele kusebenzisa imigomo yesicathulo. Lezi zinhlobo zikhangelela ukuba izindlu ezimodular zingabonisa ngokuphi indawo elandelayo kunye nenkinga yokuthi zingahlinzekela izinkinga zokuthi ziyahlukanisele kanye nokuthi zingahamba ngokulandelana nokuthi zingasetyenziswa ngokulandelana nesikhashana sesikhathi.

Isiboniselo Esintshangayo Sokuthi Kwenza Ukuphakamisela Izindlu Zenkululeko

Amaphethekiso AkuCircular Ngezindlu EzinomaKholoni

Ukugxeka kwezinto ephakeme ngokwesiphumo esincane luhlengula isimo sesikhephe sokuqala sokubhedlela. Ngokufumanisa uphawu olunemibono esisodwa nokususa umthonyo, amapheramfutha akasihle alandelise izilungiso zokuphakamisana ngezinto ezikhohloko. Ngenkinga ezintsha ezinikezela amaxhobo osebenza apha okuyona abantshintshisiyo obucabanga-bucabanga nokuhlinzekiswa kokusebenza, izindlela zeziqhophiso leziqhelile zizifika ukukhetha izinkampani ezinethunywa ezindaweni. Ngokulandelayo i-2022, isithombe somncedisi waseCambridge ne-Edinburgh Napier University wahlula ukuba ukuqhuba kwesicwangciso sekuxhaswa kwiqembu eliphakeme lindile ukususa imithombo yesicwangciso yezinto eziphakeme emva kokuthi 45%. Izinkinga ezintsha zakhiwo ukuba ukuthi ukusuka kwezinhlongano zokusebenzela kuhlanganisiwe ngokukhulu futhi kuziphiwe izinyathelo zokuhlola kanye nokuhlola kwezindawo. Ngokusho lokhu sihlola ukuthi siya ukusetyenziswa kwezinhlongano ezimncane, leziqhophiso ziziqale ukubuya indlela engazange usutshentekako kunesiphumo esincane kunesikhatsi sezindawo ezikhulu zokusebenzela.

Umbiko wesihlanu kunye nokuthuthukiswa kakhulu kweziqhophiso leziqhelile

Ukuphenya kumkhakha okuvulekileyo ngokugqunywe kusukela emva kwezicwangciso ezikhethelayo kunye nezinyathelo zokusuka kwindawo. Ngokuqondisiswa ukuthi amagoverinithi angaphambi wakwenzeka izinkinga ezinhle zokudla nokulandelana, amahhovini aphaqa lokubheka umsebenzi wokubhala ngokumkhakha ukuze kube yilungu. Ngalokho, izwe eliphambili njalo nge-Sweden kunye no-Japan waye wahlaleke amaprawesi akhona apho ayisebenza ngokupheleleyo—iningi langa lezintaba e-Sweden uzisebenzisana nokubhala ngaphandle komkhakha. Izibhedlulo ezazihlobene nemigoverinithi zizihlabelela isimeme esiqondeleleyo ngokuhlawula izindawo ezifaneleyo nokufundiswa kokuthi amakhono amabheka umkhakha omkhulu azisebenzise amasiphiwo angenani. Ukuthi, amandla amahlayo amaphandle kwamagoverinithi njenge-Paris Agreement azikholela izindlela ezinomsindo lokubheka umkhakha ngokushesha kwiinkcukacha zokusebenzisa izindawo ezincane nokuhlola ukuthi amakhono amabheka umkhakha azisebenzise amasiphiwo angenani. Amahhovini okuzihlobene nemigoverinithi ngokushesha kunezinyathelo ezinomsindo zokuthuthukisa ukusebenzisa nokugcina umkhakha omkhulu ngokugqunywe.

Isikhombisi Sokuqala

Ngubani indlu yesiphiwo?

Umduli omkhulu wokuthula kukhombi elibizwa ngenqanawe okulandelwe kunye nokubhedekileyo ngaphandle komhlaba emakhumboneni (amodhuli) phambi kokuthathelwa kumhlaba.

Ngaphi amaduli omkhulu akukho ngezihliso?

Amaduli omkhulu bayehlisekile ngokusebenzela imigomo yezindlu ezinhlanganiswa lokugcina umshado nokugcina uhlangothi lwemfowethu.

Angangithi amaduli omkhulu abonakale yi-njengesi zokuphelela kulawulo lamaqhutyandvo?

Ewe, amaduli omkhulu bayingene ku-10% kwi-30% ekupheleni kwindawo yasekhombi kunye namalawulo amabili esikhombini, ubungako-buhle.

Zingabi iindlela zokuphatha amakhaya engakwenziwe kumaphandle kwezindawo eziningi?

Kungathandekileyo! Iindlela zokuphatha amakhaya uzokusetyenziswa okulandelayo ongavunyelwe ukuyiboniswa ngamaxesha kunye nesikhathi sokuqala sokugcina nokuhlola kwezindawo.