Ukuphakamisa Ukusiza Ngokuncane Ngezihlalo Zokuphucuma: Iindlela Ezifanayo Lomphakathi Omncane

Ukubuya kwezihluko Izindlu Zenkululeko emanzini Ngokusebenzisa

Ngaphi Izindlu Zenkululeko Zingavumeza Ukufinyelela Kokuhlaza-ndlovu

Izindlu ezifakwayo zilungisa ukuthini siyakholwa ngokuphila okuhlukile ngokuthi kwenziwa ngokweqile kanye nezindlela zokuvulwa okusebenza ngempela. Noma kungenhla abantu bakhona ngokwengeziweyo ngemiphumo yabo kumhlaba, okuqondile kwezindlu lezi kuhlabeleza kakhulu, kubonisa ukuthi ukuphila okuphephile kuyavela njengokuthi kudingeka kwenziwe ngokwemali. Inhlolohlo yakamuva yeMcKinsey & Company ibonisa ukuthi manje izindlu ezifakwayo zilungisa kuphela ama-4% wazo zonke izindlu eAmathikeni, kodwa izinto zihamba kakhulu ngoba abantu abelungile kakhulu ngokuphila okuhlukile. Indlela lokuvulwa kwezindlu lezi embusweni kunciphisa ukubuywa kwezindlela kanye nokunceda kwezimali. Abasebenzisa ngaphakathi besithole ukuthi ukuvulwa kwezindlu ezifakwayo kwenza ukuphakathi kwezindlela zokuvulwa eziphambene. Konke lokhu kunciphisa ukuthi izindlu ezifakwayo kuyinto encane ukwenza ngokweqile kuyeke kungelapho ukuphila okuhlukile kodwa akukhathali ukuphila okuphephile noma ukubonakala okuhle.

Amanani Akuqondisisi LweModular Construction Ngesifundo

Ukubangela ngokweqile kukubangela izinto ezifana nezinto eziphathekayo. Ukusebenza kanye nokuthi yini le ndawo ikhona ngokusebenza kakhulu xa kuchazwa ukusebenza kakhulu. Xa abasebenzisa ukubangela ngokweqile, bathintana ngezindleke ngoba zonke izinto zihambisana ngokucophelela xa kubangela, okungathi kuzona izinto ezikhona. Futhu, ngoba le ndlela iyadinga isiqingatha esincane sokubhukela, izithuthi zilondoloza ngokulula kunezindlela ezijwayelekileyo. Okunye okubaluleke kakhulu kukuthula – ukubangela indlu ngokweqile kuthatha isiqingatha esincane, okungathi kudinga izinto ngokulula kweqile. Incazelo yase Cambridge yathola ukuthi amathike aqedwa ngama-80% noma ngaphezulu xa kusebenzela ngokweqile. Futhu, le ndlela ikhona yincazelo ethandwa: le ndlu ingase ngokweqile ithathelwe futhu kwehle kwenye indawo! Abakhokho balithanda le ndlela ethandwa, futhu kuyasebenza ngokulula. Tha-ukuthi kungase ukusebenzisa futhu izinyawo noma izinkampani zonke ngenkathi ethintana ngezinto ezikhona.

Ukuphakamisa Kwesibhedlela Ngenkinga Lomdlobheni Kwezindlela Zokuhlola

Umdlobheni Wokususa Ngokubhebhetjweyo Ngephandle Kwesibhedlela

Ukudizayina solari yekhankatha inquma encane kakhulu ekwenzeni ukuba izindlu ezihlanganisiwe kakhulu zisebenzise kahle kwezimali. Xa zidlalwe ngokucophelela, le ndlu zisebenzisa indawo neesikhundla zazo ukuba zifinyelele kakhulu kumoya wokumisa, ukuthatha isitha kakhulu kwezindleko zokumisa nezidingo zokulula kwezilanga ngemini. Imvavanyo yeNkqubo yokusebenzisa umoya oyimfihlakuse weNingizimu (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) ibonisa ukuba izindlu eziphathwe ngokucophelela ukudizayina solari yekhankatha zingaba nemigomo echwepheshe kuzo zonke izigidi. Indlela yayo kukuthiwa amawindi kuzo ezokuthola umoya wokumisa kusihlwa ngelinye isihlwa kodwa ukuthi kungaphansi kwekaphazimise kusihlwa esibuyelekayo. Izinto ezithambisa umoya njengezindlela zokubhaliweyo zokuthambisa umoya xa kuhlala kaphakathi kwaye zithumele kabusha kuzo ngelinye isihlwa.

Amatekonolodhi Amahle Amanqaku Lwendawo Yokuqinisekisa Isibhedlela

Izinto zokuhlelwa kwendawo zomuntu ziqhutywa indima kakhulu ekunqunywe kwezindlu ezingenakukhona ukuba yimaliphi amandla. Le ndlu manje inezisitemu ezinhle zokupheya, ukulula nokuphatha amandla ngokujwayelekile. Ngokwesibonelo, izisitemu zokulandela ukuphawula kuzotshintsha ngokuzenzekelayo ukuphawula xa kubani okanye xa abantu engadwenga, lokhu kuthula ukusebenza kwamandla. Ngokwezinye iziphumo zaseMpumalanga Energy Agency, le ndlu ezisebenzisa le ndlela zenza ukuthola kwezimali phakathi kwe-15% ne-20% kuzo zindleko zomkhumbi. Njengoba itekithnoloji iyaphutha, kuthinta ukuba kungenhla kakhulu kwezinkundla ukufaka iziphumo zasolari ngokwesistimu yokugcina amandla. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthola kwezimali kuzindleko zomkhumbi zinyanga zonke ngelokho kuzonke ukuphezulu kwebungqina endlini. Ngaphezulu, ukuba ngumoya othile akukho futhi ukuthi kufanele ube ngumoya othile.

Amathuba Amacabango kunye nezinto Ezisebenziswayo

Izixhobo Zokubuya Emzini kunye Nezixhobo Ezithunyelwe

Ukubaleka kwezindlu eziyohle kushaya xa sishiyela ukusebenzisa izinto ezifuma lokhu kusukelwe kumaqo noma ezifakwe usizo. Xa abasebenzisa izinto ezingcono kuleyo ndawo ngenkathi engenakuthatha kumaqo amaningi, bathintela izindleko zokuthumela futhi yonke indlela yokuphutha kwekharboni esingena ngokuthumela izinto kumaqo amaningi. Thatha isihlahla esitshelwe kuleli poso noma ubhambu esikhona ngaso kule ndawo - lokhu kuthintela kakhulu izindleko ezingcono zokwehla kwezindlu. Sisuke kakhulu ukuthi kunezinto ezifakwe usizo. Ukubhobhisa kwenziwe ngezibhakabhaka ezifakwe usizo noma izindlela zokuthola ukuthola kwezimali kwenza amaphetheni amabili: kuthintela ukuphathwa kwezimali kakhulu kwezindlela zokuthola kwezimali. I-EPA yenza uhlelo olutholile ukuthi ukusebenzisa izinto eziyohle kushaya izindleko zokuphutha kwekharboni ngama-15%. Kungenxa yale mehla kancane amakhampeni wezindlu ezinhloso kwezinye izindleko zokuthenga izinto eziyohle.

Ukucabanga Kokuthengiswa Komphilo Wesikhatsi

Ukuqinisekisa ukwenza kahle kuholela kakhulu ekukhawuleni ukungcola ekuvulelweni iinkliniki zokudlala. Le ndlela ichaza ngokwezibonelo ukwenza iindlela ngokuchanekileyo kwiimevelo eziphumelelayo, okusinika iindlela ezingaphantsi kwezibonelo esikhundleni seendlela zokuvulela eziphambeneyo. Ngokwezinye iziphumo ezitholakalayo kwiNkqubo yokuvulela i-Building Research Establishment, le ndlela yekuvulela inkliniki yenza ukuba ukungcola kwezinye izigidi zokuvulela kuba nguqo lula ngoba zonke izinto ziyafunana ngendlela efanele ngaphandle kokudinga kwezinto ezingaphezulu. Bekukhona nezindlela ezintsha zokwenza iimpumelelo ezihamba ngazo. Thatha isibonelo 3D printing. Iyavumela abasebenzi ukwenza iindlela ezihlukileyo ngaphandle kokungenisa ukungcola. Le mpumelelo yonke ayichazi kuphela ukuba kukhona ngaphantsi kwezindlela zokugcina amakhawula, kodwa kuyisisekelo kakhulu iinkliniki zokudlala ngokuba kukhona ngaphantsi kwezinto ezisetyenziswa ngokugqithiswe, kwaye umhlaba wethu unokulungiswa ngale ndlela.

Izindaba Zokukhupha Okwahlula Kakhulu Ngenkinga Yezindlu Ezimfazweyo

Ukuphumelela kwezihluko ezintsha ngokwesikhathi kusukela kwezihluko ezidingekileyo

Abantu abaningi bekwaqala ukujonga izindlu ezinhlosoke kakhulu ngokuba yindlela encane ukuthola indlu, ngakho-ke lapho imali ibaluleke kakhulu. Abasebenzisa inda bahlala bavumela ukuthi izindleko zokubangela zihamba phakathi kwe-10% ne-30% ngaphansi kwezindleko zokubangela ngasinekile kwezindlu ezinhlosoke noma zokubangela ngendlela enjengo yami. Le fani lezindleko lefakelana nendlela enhle kakhulu abafamili bamelela ngazo noma bahluleka ukubuyela izindlu ngendlela enjengo yami. Ngaphezulu kwaloku, kukhona amanye amaphetho amabhizinisi. Izindleko zokuhlinzeka nezokulungiswa kwezimali zokuphefumula kahle izindlu ezinhlosoke, fakela khona ukuthi yizimpela zokuhlinzeka. Izindlu ezibekwa ngokuvumelana nezimo ezithile zokusebenzisa imali yokuphefumula zifinyelela lezi zinhlelo, zilapha ukuthi ubhete imali engenayo. Ukujonga izinkampani eziqinile zibonisa ukuthi izindleko zifanipha ngendlela enhle ngezindlu ezinhlosoke. Ababangela abaningi bavuma ukuthi benguqula imali ngokuvamile futhi bafumana iziphumo ezinhle, lokhu kuthi kuyindlela yokuthi abakheli izindlu abaningi bekwaqala ukuzihlonipha ngendlela yokubangela izindlu ezinhlosoke.

Amabhizinisi Abahlukanisekileyo Kumaqhude kunye neZilimi

Iindlela ezimfazwe kuzo iziphumo esebenza ngokubangelwa kuzo zonke izindawo nezimo, ngakho ke kufanele kahle lapho kubalulekile ukuba kuhlele kanye kona koma kwaqokwa koma kona kwaqala. Okuhle kakhulu ngempela kukuthi le ndlela ingase kwenziwe ngokuchanekile ukuthola ukuphumelela kwezinto eziphakeme kuzo. Chazi ngokuthi - kuzo zinye izindawo kunezulu elikhulu, ezinye kuzo kunezulu elikhulu noma izulu. Ukudlala kwezinhlelo ezimfazwe kuyindlela yonke le mpumelelo yokuphepha ngokuzenzekelayo kulezi zinto, okungathi kuzo zonke izinhloso zokuphepha kuzo zonke izinhloso zokuphepha. Bekubonwe lokhu ngokuthi kwehlise kakhulu emhlabeni wonke. Sebenzisa indawo kaStockholm eHammarby Sjöstad njengesibonelo esijwayelekile lapho izinhlelo ezimfazwe zenza ukuthi kube khona okuqukethwe kanye nezimali. Le mpumelelo yonke iyisiza ukunciphisa izindleko zokuxazwa ngenxa yokuthi amagugu akudingi ukudlala kakhulu kusukela kuzo kuzo. Lokhu kunguqu ukuthi kwehlise kakhulu emhlabeni wonke. Sebenzisa indawo kaStockholm eHammarby Sjöstad njengesibonelo esijwayelekile lapho izinhlelo ezimfazwe zenza ukuthi kube khona okuqukethwe kanye nezimali. Le mpumelelo yonke iyisiza ukunciphisa izindleko zokuxazwa ngenxa yokuthi amagugu akudingi ukudlala kakhulu kusukela kuzo kuzo. Lokhu kunguqu ukuthi izakhiwo ezimfazwe kungeke ziphawule kuphela kodwa zinezimiso eziphilayo lapho kudingeka ukulayisha izidingo zokuphila ngokujwayelekile nezempilo yomhlaba.

Isiboniselo Esintshangayo Sokuthi Kwenza Ukuphakamisela Izindlu Zenkululeko

Amaphethekiso AkuCircular Ngezindlu EzinomaKholoni

Ukuhambisa kumaqondo wekonomi yedijithi ayiphindaphindwa yenza ubudlelwane bokubangela izindlu ezihlelwe ngokomkela kwezinsuku zeshaya. Isanibodla kokuqaphela amaphethini futhi ukunciphisa ukuphaphamisa kuthiwa abasebenzisa amadoda amanye amadoda lapho bakhuluma izindlu. Bekabonakala konke okusha kahle futhi - fikirula amaphaneli wodvwa ongayiphindwa ngokomoya, ukuphakela okwenziwe ngezinto ezilahlekile zokubhobha izibhobho, nezinhlelo zezindlu ezingadinga kakhulu kweyekhilethri kubaleka. Isithombe esisha esivelile kuCambridge nase Edinburgh Napier Universities sitholile ukuthi ukubangela amakhodi futhi kungaphandle kwezindlu eziyinzulwazwe zokubangela ukwehluka kwekharboni kusimiswe ngokuphansi ngenkathi yezinye. Kwezokudla abasebenzisa abadinga ukunciphisa izindleko ngenkathi baysiza intando, lezi zinguquko zibangelwa kakhulu. Abakhokho kwezindlu kudinga ukuthi izifiso zabo zingasebenzi kude ngaphandle kokwenza intando. Ngakho ke izinkampani zifumana indlela yokuthi izindlu zabo zingasebenzi kakhulu ngemva kokuthi zithathwe futhi ziphindwa kwenye indawo.

Umbiko wesihlanu kunye nokuthuthukiswa kakhulu kweziqhophiso leziqhelile

Izindlu ezifakwayo ziyathuthuka kakhulu kuleli ndzawo ngokuthi kuvikela uhlelo lokusebenza kanye nezinye iindlela zokuxhuma kakhulu. Izimali zaso zonke ziyathola ukuthi lokhu kuyindlela engcono yokugcina umhlaba nasekuphileni kwabo, ngakho ke ziyathenga izinkinobodla eziyinhloko kule ndlela. Ngokwesibonelo, uSwidi neJapaninamaqembu amaningi lapho izindlu ezifakwayo yayizindlu ezinhle. Okungenani 45% wamaqembu eSwidi manje ayavela emakhazini kudinga kwezindlu zokudweba ngendlela enjengo yini. Imali yephotholo ikunceda abasebenzisa izindlu eziyinhloko ngokuthola izimo ezingcono lapho bafake amaphrojekthi ezindlu ezifakwayo. Nangokuba kunezinye izindlela zokuxhuma kakhulu ezifana neParis Agreement, le ndlela ikunceda lokhu kuthuthukisa izindlu ezifakwayo ngokuthi kuyindlela yokulinda umhlaba. Le ndlela zonke izinto zokuthuthukisa izindlu ezifakwayo ukuthi kungabi kakhulu kodwa kuyinto engathuthukisa indlela ethakatha izindlu kuleli ndzawo.

Isikhombisi Sokuqala

Ngubani indlu yesiphiwo?

Umduli omkhulu wokuthula kukhombi elibizwa ngenqanawe okulandelwe kunye nokubhedekileyo ngaphandle komhlaba emakhumboneni (amodhuli) phambi kokuthathelwa kumhlaba.

Ngaphi amaduli omkhulu akukho ngezihliso?

Amaduli omkhulu bayehlisekile ngokusebenzela imigomo yezindlu ezinhlanganiswa lokugcina umshado nokugcina uhlangothi lwemfowethu.

Angangithi amaduli omkhulu abonakale yi-njengesi zokuphelela kulawulo lamaqhutyandvo?

Ewe, amaduli omkhulu bayingene ku-10% kwi-30% ekupheleni kwindawo yasekhombi kunye namalawulo amabili esikhombini, ubungako-buhle.

Zingabi iindlela zokuphatha amakhaya engakwenziwe kumaphandle kwezindawo eziningi?

Kungathandekileyo! Iindlela zokuphatha amakhaya uzokusetyenziswa okulandelayo ongavunyelwe ukuyiboniswa ngamaxesha kunye nesikhathi sokuqala sokugcina nokuhlola kwezindawo.